Geographical Information Services or GIS means different things to different people and means absolutely nothing to even more people. First, a definition of GIS: information tied to a specific geographical point. That information can be anything. For a surveyor, that information might be a date, job number and scope of work tied to a specific geographical job site; for an engineer, that information might be terrain elevation, structure location and road location; to a real estate developer, that information might be per capita income, school district information and fire station location. GIS can be many different kinds of information, useful to different groups of professionals, that is all tied to geographical locations. And, on the other end of the spectrum, there are people that have no idea what GIS is or what it encompasses, but they have used it before.
GIS can be any data referenced by a geographical location. When people with children are looking for an area to buy a home, usually they consult information on where the best schools districts are located, or people might be interested in where the closest fire station is in relationship to their home. These are real world examples of GIS. People are using GIS everyday and do not even realize it.
From a business perspective, GIS can be a powerful research tool. By using GIS, an area can be researched and more accurate decisions and plans of action can be implemented based on more targeted information. A model of a scenario can be developed and viewed in a manner relative to the project. Having important information displayed in relationship to geographical areas can make the decision process be that much more informed and thereby have much better business/financial decisions made and implemented. This boils down to better decisions made, then more profit to be obtained from a given scenario. GIS now becomes a business tool to derive absolute profit margin from a project.
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